All About Colorectal Polyps: What You Should Know

Your general well-being and quality of life are directly impacted by your colorectal health; hence, it is of utmost importance. Colorectal polyps are a frequent cause for concern in the field of colorectal health. Abnormal growths known as colorectal polyps can form in the rectum or colon lining. The type of the polyp or polyps—their size, location, number, family history, pathology, age at which they were detected, and many other factors—determines the next steps to be taken and the long-term results. While the majority of them are benign, some can develop into cancer over time. Therefore, it is crucial to discuss this with priority.

An overview of colorectal polyps

Colorectal polyps are growths that occur on the inner lining of the colon (large intestine) or rectum. They can range in size from tiny, almost invisible growths to larger, more noticeable growths. Most polyps are benign, which means they do not pose an immediate threat to health. However, some polyps have the potential to develop into colorectal cancer if left untreated.

Causes and risk factors of colorectal polyps

The exact cause of colorectal polyps is not fully known, but certain risk factors may increase a patient’s risk of developing them. These include:

• The risk of developing polyps increases with age, particularly after the age of 50.
• Individuals with a family history of colorectal polyps or colorectal cancer are at higher risk.
• Conditions like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis increase the risk of developing certain types of polyps.
• Diets high in red meat, low in fiber, and lacking in fruits and vegetables have been associated with a higher risk of polyp formation.
• Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption have been linked to an increased risk of colorectal polyps.
• Being overweight or obese is a known risk factor for polyp development.

Types of colorectal polyps

There are several types of colorectal polyps, each with distinct characteristics and potential risks, like:

• Adenomatous polyps
• Hyperplastic polyps
• Inflammatory polyps
• Sessile serrated
• Villous adenoma

Signs and symptoms of colorectal polyps

Colon polyps often develop silently, which means they usually do not have any symptoms, which is why screening is recommended. However, in some cases, the patient may notice signs such as:

• Blood in the stool
• Change in normal bowel movement pattern
• Constipation or diarrhea that persists for longer than a week
• Unexplained iron deficiency anemia or weight loss
• Abdominal pain (rare)
• Rectal bleeding, which could show up on toilet paper or in underwear

Detection and diagnosis of colorectal polyps

Colorectal polyps often do not cause noticeable symptoms in their early stages. This is why regular screenings are essential, especially for individuals over the age of 50 or those with risk factors. A doctor can find colon polyps in several different ways, including:

• Colonoscopy
• Sigmoidoscopy
• Virtual Colonoscopy
• Computerized tomography (CT) scan
• Stool tests

Management and treatment of colorectal polyps

The colorectal polyps are treated by removing them, either through colonoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy. Some small, benign polyps may not need immediate removal but should be monitored regularly to ensure they do not change or grow. And in cases where polyps are large, numerous, or have the potential to become cancerous, surgical removal of a portion of the colon may be necessary.

If your colorectal polyp is cancerous

After removal, the colon polyps are sent to a lab for analysis. If cancerous cells are discovered, the next step is to determine if the malignancy was completely removed and whether the margins are cancer-free. The patient might not need any further therapy if all of the cancer was eliminated when the polyp was removed.

However, if any cancer cells are still present after the polyp is removed, the doctor conducts additional tests to find out if the cancer has spread to the colon's lining, colon wall, or regions outside the colon. The cancer staging is then done if the patient is given a colon cancer diagnosis and is advised about the best treatment options moving forward.

Prevention of colorectal polyps

While not all polyps can be prevented, certain lifestyle changes can significantly reduce the risk of developing polyps if you:

• Take a diet rich in fiber, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
• Avoid processed and fatty foods
• Are engaged in regular physical activity
• Avoid obesity through balanced eating and
• Minimize alcohol consumption and quit smoking

Final words from Dr. Neeraj Goel

Colorectal polyps are common growths that can have varying impacts on your health. Understanding the different types, causes, risk factors, and detection methods is essential for maintaining colorectal health. Regular screenings and adopting a healthy lifestyle can go a long way toward preventing the development of polyps and reducing the risk of colorectal cancer.

Remember, early detection and proactive management are keys to a healthier future. If you have concerns about colorectal polyps or other digestive health issues, consult Dr. Neeraj Goel, one of the most experienced and efficient Gastrointestinal Surgeons in Delhi, for personalized guidance.